August 28, 2026
the automaton
In 1770, a Hungarian inventor named Wolfgang von Kempelen built a chess-playing machine for the Empress of Austria. He called it the Turk. It wore robes and a turban and sat at a cabinet containing gears and levers, visible through glass panels. It played chess against Napoleon. It beat Benjamin Franklin. It toured Europe for decades, defeating everyone it sat across from, because it was not a machine. Inside the cabinet, behind the gears (which were real but decorative), a small person sat in a carefully arranged space and moved the chess pieces using a system of magnets. The Turk was a human pretending to be a machine.
Published
→